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- Signalment:
- Breeds:
- English Springer Spaniels
- English Bulldog
- Keeshond
- Inheritance: Polygenic
- Age: Usually presented as puppies
- Breeds:
- History:
- An incidental finding at the time of puppy vaccination if small defect
- large defect – stunted growth, fail to thrive
- A murmur may be detected as an incidental finding in the adult
- Physical examination:
- A systolic heart murmur with a PMI over the right sternal border
- Thrill may be present over right hemithorax
- If shunt flow reverses – signs of right to left shunt flow will be noted and signs of right heart failure
- Large defects may show congestive heart failure